Latent tuberculosis infection status and its risk factors among tuberculosis-related health-care workers in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo obtain the status of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） among tuberculosis （TB）-related health-care workers （HCWs） in Shanghai， and to explore the risk factors related to TB infection. MethodsA multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting medical workers from multiple designated TB hospitals， centers for disease control and prevention， and community health service centers in Shanghai. Each subject was required to complete a questionnaire and to provide a blood sample for TB infection test. Univariate and multivariate analysis ware made in order to find risk factors relating to TB infection. ResultsA total of 165 medical workers were recruited， and the proportion of TB infection was 16.36% （95%CI： 11.49%‒22.76%）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that clinical doctors and nurses （adjusted OR=9.756， 95%CI： 1.790‒53.188）， laboratory staffs （adjusted OR=78.975， 95%CI： 8.749‒712.918）， and nursing and cleaning workers （adjusted OR=89.920， 95%CI： 3.111‒2 598.930） had higher risk of TB infection. ConclusionThe overall LTBI prevalence among TB-related HCWs is low. However， working as doctors， nurses， laboratory staffs， nursing workers and cleaning workers are risk factors of TB infection. TB-related HCWs who work at hospitals are at risk of TB infection comparing to medical staffs who work outside hospitals.

Clinical comprehensive evaluation of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein （EC）， and to provide evidence for selecting skin detection methods for tuberculosis infection diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis. METHODS The effectiveness and safety of EC compared with purified protein derivative of tuberculin （TB-PPD） were analyzed by the method of systematic review. Cost minimization analysis， cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis were used to evaluate the short-term economy of EC compared with TB-PPD， and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the long-term economy. The evaluation dimensions of innovation， suitability and accessibility were determined by systematic review and improved Delphi expert consultation， and the comprehensive score of EC and TB-PPD in each dimension were calculated by the weight of each indicator. RESULTS The scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation and suitability of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. The affordability scores of the two drugs were consistent， while the availability score of EC was lower than those of TB-PPD. After considering dimensions and index weight， the scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability， accessibility and the comprehensive score of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with TB-PPD， EC performs better in all dimensions of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility. However， it is worth noting that EC should further improve its availability in the dimension of accessibility.

Promoting high-quality therapeutic research on nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in China / 中华临床感染病杂志

The incidence of pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (NTM-PD) shows a growing trend. The treatment of NTM-PD is of low cure rate, high mortality and recurrence rate at present, it is necessary to promote the high-quality clinical therapeutic research. Based on the clinical guidelines, clinicians should carry out high-quality clinical research of NTM-PD treatment, focusing on the current urgent problems, especially the time of treatment initiation, optimization of treatment regimens, as well as prevention and rehabilitation strategies.

Biallelic mutations in spermatogenesis and centriole-associated 1 like (SPATC1L) cause acephalic spermatozoa syndrome and male infertility / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome is a rare type of teratozoospermia that severely impairs the reproductive ability of male patients, and genetic defects have been recognized as the main cause of acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. Spermatogenesis and centriole-associated 1 like (SPATC1L) is indispensable for maintaining the integrity of sperm head-to-tail connections in mice, but its roles in human sperm and early embryonic development remain largely unknown. Herein, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 22 infertile men with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. An in silico analysis of the candidate variants was conducted, and WES data analysis was performed using another cohort consisting of 34 patients with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome and 25 control subjects with proven fertility. We identified biallelic mutations in SPATC1L (c.910C>T:p.Arg304Cys and c.994G>T:p.Glu332X) from a patient whose sperm displayed complete acephalia. Both SPATC1L variants are rare and deleterious. SPATC1L is mainly expressed at the head-tail junction of elongating spermatids. Plasmids containing pathogenic variants decreased the level of SPATC1L in vitro. Moreover, none of the patient's four attempts at intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) resulted in a transplantable embryo, which suggests that SPATC1L defects might affect early embryonic development. In conclusion, this study provides the first identification of SPATC1L as a novel gene for human acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. Furthermore, WES might be applied for patients with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome who exhibit reiterative ICSI failures.

Progress in surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Due to an overall high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the emergence of drug-resistant TB, the role of surgical treatment is likely to be expanding. This review discusses the use of surgery in the treatment of TB, including surgical indications, timing of surgery and preoperative management, type of operations, and postoperative anti-TB treatment.

Association between childhood maltreatment and suicide among rural adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study explored the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent suicide provides a scientific basis for suicide prevention strategies.@*Methods@#A total of 16 271 middle and high school students from rural areas in Anhui, Guangdong, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Hubei provinces were enrolled through multi stage stratified cluster random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on participants general information, childhood neglect, abuse, suicide ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts in the 12 months prior to the survey. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of childhood neglect and childhood maltreatment with suicide ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts.@*Results@#The number of suicide ideations, suicide plans and suicide attempts among rural adolescents were 2 453( 15.1 %), 1 164(7.2%) and 572(3.5%), respectively. The number of cases of childhood neglect, moderate physical abuse and severe physical abuse were 10 756(66.1%), 4 311(26.5%) and 703(4.3%), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that childhood neglect and abuse were significantly associated with suicide ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts( P <0.05). After controlling for age, gender, only children, parental education level, income, emotional management and social support, childhood neglect and abuse remained significantly correlated with suicide ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts( OR =1.62-5.14, P <0.05); the OR(OR 95%CI) for severe physical abuse were 3.00(2.49-3.62), 3.52(2.81-4.40),5.14(3.87-6.83) respectively.@*Conclusion@#Childhood neglect and abuse may increase the risk of suicide among adolescents in rural China, and effective measures should be taken to reduce childhood neglect and abuse and prevent suicide.

Short-term efficacy of superficial X-ray treatment for infantile maxillofacial hemangioma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the short-term clinical efficacy and factors influencing low-dose superficial X-ray for treating infantile maxillofacial hemangioma.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on 161 cases of infants with maxillofacial hemangioma treated with superficial X-ray in the Laser Center of Dermatology Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Clinical efficacy was analyzed by comparing the photos before and after treatment. Patients were further divided into groups according to different genders, age at the start of treatment, preterm birth or low birth weight, hemangioma site, longest diameter of hemangioma, and type of hemangioma to analyze whether differences existed in clinical efficacy and therapeutic dose between different groups.@*RESULTS@#Twelve months after the end of treatment, the overall cure rate was 93.8%, and the significant efficiency was 97.5%. The clinical efficacy was related to the age of children at the beginning of treatment and the type of hemangioma (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Low-dose superficial X-ray is safe and effective for the treatment of infantile maxillofacial hemangioma. Age and type of hemangioma at the time of treatment are the factors influencing therapeutic dose and clinical efficacy.

Association between NOS 2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of anti-tuberculous drug induced liver injury / 中华传染病杂志

Objective Inducible isoform of NO synthase(iNOS),coded by NOS2,is one of the antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this study is to explore the association between NOS2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of anti-tuberculous drug induced liver injury(ATDILI).Methods Sixteen tagSNP of NOS2 gene were selected using systematic bioinformatic analysis(HWE-P> 0.001, MAF>0.1,r2>0.8).A population based case-control study was performed to genotype 16 tagSNP of NOS2 gene in 461 ATDILI patients and 466 non-ATDILI patients using SNPscanTMtechnology.The genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between case and control groups.Three genetic models including dominant,recessive and additive models were used to analyze the association between all the selected SNP polymorphisms and susceptibility of ATDILI.Results All the alleles frequencies of these SNP were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.NOS2 rs9906835 G/A genotype,rs944725 T/C genotype, rs3794763 G/A genotype,rs3794764 G/A and A/A genotype,rs6505469 T/A genotype were associated with increased risk for developing ATDILI(all P< 0.05).NOS2 rs9906835,rs944725,rs3794763, rs3794764 and rs6505469 were associated with susceptibility of ATDILI in dominant model(all P<0.05).NOS2 rs944725,rs3794763 and rs3794764 were associated with increased risk for developing ATDILI in recessive model(all P< 0.05).In addition,CGCATT,AC and AAA haplotypes of NOS2 gene were found to have association with susceptibility of ATDILI(all P<0.05).Conclusion Our study showed that NOS2 gene is a susceptible gene of ATDILI.

Case of bilateral Testicular Tumors subsequently diagnosed as Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

21-hydroxylase deficiency [21-OHD] caused congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH] is a group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders resulting from mutations in genes involved with cortisol [CO] synthesis in the adrenal glands. Testicular adrenal rest tumors [TARTs] are rarely the presenting symptoms of CAH. Here, we describe a case of simple virilizing CAH with TARTs, in a 15-year-old boy. The patient showed physical signs of precocious puberty. The levels of blood adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], urinary 17-ketone steroids [17-KS], dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S], and serum progesterone [PRGE] were elevated, whereas those of follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], and CO were reduced. Computed tomography [CT] of the adrenal glands and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] of the testes showed a soft tissue density [more pronounced on the right side] and an irregularly swollen mass [more pronounced on the left side], respectively. Pathological examination of a specimen of the mass indicated polygonal/circular eosinophilic cytoplasm, cord-like arrangement of interstitial cells, and lipid pigment in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry results precluded a diagnosis of Leydig cell tumors. DNA sequencing revealed a hackneyed homozygous mutation, I2g, on intron 2 of the CYP21A2 gene. The patient's symptoms improved after a three-month of dexamethasone therapy. Recent radiographic data showed reduced hyperplastic adrenal nodules and testicular tumors. A diagnosis of TART should be considered and prioritized in CAH patients with testicular tumors. Replacement therapy using a sufficient amount of dexamethasone in this case helps combat TART

Familial fragile X syndrome: A pedigree analysis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the clinical (including reproductive) manifestations and genetic characteristics of familial fragile X syndrome (FXS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected the clinical data about a case of familial FXS by inquiry, testicular ultrasonography, semen analysis, determination of sex hormone levels, and examinations of the peripheral blood karyotype and Y chromosome microdeletions. Using Southern blot hybridization, we measured the size of the CGG triple repeat sequence of the fragile X mental retardation-1 (FMR1) gene and determined its mutation type of the pedigree members with a genetic map of the FXS pedigree.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 34 members of 4 generations in the pedigree, 3 males and 1 female (11.76%) carried full mutation and 9 females (26.47%) premutation of the FMR1 gene. Two of the males with full FMR1 mutation, including the proband showed a larger testis volume (>30 ml) and a higher sperm concentration (>250 ×10⁶/ml), with a mean sperm motility of 50.5%, a mean morphologically normal sperm rate of 17.5%, an average sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of 18.5%, a low level of testosterone, normal karyotype in the peripheral blood, and integrity of the azoospermia factor (AZF) region in the Y chromosome. One of the second-generation females carrying FMR1 premutation was diagnosed with premature ovarian failure and another 3 with uterine myoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Some of the FXS males in the pedigree may present macroorchidism and polyzoospermia but with normal semen parameters. In the intergenerational transmission, premutation might extend to full mutation, with even higher risks of transmission and extension of mutation in males, especially in those with >80 CGG triple repeat sequences. Therefore, it is recommended that the couples wishing for childbearing receive genetic testing, clinical guidance, and genetic counseling before pregnancy and, if necessary, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.</p>

Risk factors of anti-tuberculosis drugs induced liver injury and its impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs: a historic retrospective cohort study / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs induced liver injury (ATDILI) and to discuss its impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.Methods Among the patients who received anti-TB treatment with directly-observed treatment strategy (DOTS),121 patients with ATDILI and 817 patients without ATDILI were included in this retrospective cohort study.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ATDILI in univariate and multivariate analysis.The x2 test was used to compare the treatment success rates and drug resistant rates.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test were used to compare the sputum smear/culture conversion rates and cavity closure rates.Results The incidence of ATDILI was 12.9％ (121/938) in this cohort.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that hepatitis B virus carrier with both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (OR=4.29,95％CI:2.15-8.58,P＜0.01),complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR=3.34,95％CI:1.46-7.63,P=0.004),serum albumin ≤25 g/L (OR=3.14,95％CI:1.50-6.58,P=0.002) and alcoholism (OR=1.79,95％CI:1.14-2.82,P=0.012) were independent risk factors of ATDILI.The treatment failure rate in patients with ATDILI was significantly higher than that in patients without ATDILI (19.1％[24/121] vs8.0％[65/817],OR=2.86,95％CI:1.71-4.78,P＜0.01).The drug resistant rates of two groups were not significant different (4.1％[5/121] vs 1.7％[14/817],P＞0.05).The sputum smear/culture conversion rate (85.4％[41/48] vs 94.0％ [298/317],x2 =38.912,P＜0.01) and cavity closure rate (84.6％[22/26] vs 93.0％[198/213],x2 =20.709,P＜0.01) in patients with ATDILI were both significantly lower than those in patients without ATDILI.Conclusions The incidence of ATDILI is relatively high in hospitalized patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.ATDILI has negative effects on treatment outcome of TB patient.Hepatitis B carrier with positive HBsAg and HBeAg,systemic lupus erythematosus,albumin ≤25 g/L and alcoholism may increase the risk of developing ATDILI.

Expressions of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in human sperm / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression patterns of the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in human sperm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected semen samples from 10 fertile men, performed density gradient centrifugation, and then determined the expressions of both CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the sperm by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR revealed the mRNA expressions of CXCL12 (0.641 +/- 0.180) and CXCR4 (0.464 +/- 0.100) in the sperm. However, only CXCR4 rather than CXCL12 was expressed at the protein level, and the positive staining for CXCR4 was observed mainly in the posterior part of the acrosome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CXCL12 and CXCR4 are involved as important molecules in regulating the function of human sperm.</p>

Induction in vitro and stability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to ofloxacin / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To induce Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) resistance with ofloxacin (Ofx) of stepwise increasing concentration in vitro, investigate stability to fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotic of MTB, and analyze the molecular mechanism and mutation specialty of drug resistance preliminarily.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTB Standard strain H37RV and 24 clinical isolates susceptible to Ofx were selected and experimentally serially subcultured in liquid culture medium containing increasing concentration of Ofx and induced the drug resistance to Ofx. Variety of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) to FQs drugs were detected by microwell-MIC-test method. Mutations of quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA gene were sequenced and identified. Relationship of different mutation sites and drug resistant degree were analyzed. A total of 6 MTB clinical isolates resistant to Ofx and induced drug resistant isolates in vitro were serially subcultured in liquid culture medium without drug. Variety of drug resistant stability, including MIC and mutation of gyrA gene were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MIC values of 21 Ofx susceptible isolates after induction were eight times higher than before, which were induced to drug resistant strains successfully and also resistant to Lfx and Mfx. Hot mutations of QRDR of gyrA gene were detected by sequencing, except one strain. Mutation of codon 94 occurred in 60% (12/20) of the strains with mutations and corresponding value of 50% Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations(MIC50) was ≥ 8 µg/ml. In all, 4 of 6 MTB clinical isolates resistant to Ofx harbored mutation of codon 90 (67%) , but the corresponding value of MIC50 was 2 µg/ml. After 21 serially subcultured in liquid culture medium without drug, MIC values of 6 clinical isolates resistant to Ofx were not changed obviously and mutations were also not changed. After 11 times serially subcultured in culture medium without drug, MIC values of induced drug resistant strains were also not changed obviously, but new mutations were detected in QRDR of 3 isolates.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MTB strains resistant to three kinds of FQs antibiotic were obtained by induction in vitro with Ofx. Codons 88, 94 mutations of QRDR of gyrA gene were related to the high level FQs drug resistance of MTB. Drug resistant stability of MTB to FQs was strong, and it is difficult for MTB to resume susceptibility.</p>

Current progress in cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm / 中华男科学杂志

Human sperm cryopreservation is an increasingly mature technique in assisted reproduction. However, conventional sperm cryopreservation is not suitable for the cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm. The solution to the cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm may contribute a lot to the clinical treatment of asthenospermia, oligospermia and azoospermatism. Recently, many researchers focus on searching for appropriate carriers for the cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm. This article outlines the effects of current cryopreservation methods including empty zona pellucida, microdrops, other mocrocarriers, testicular tissue cryopreservation and testicular sperm and epididymal sperm refrigeration.

Sperm selection in assisted reproductive technology: an update / 中华男科学杂志

Sperm selection plays an important role in assisted reproductive technology. In recent years, sperm evaluation is not limited to the assessment of sperm motility and morphology, but involves more other sperm characteristics such as sperm ultrastructure, DNA integrity, apoptosis and membrane. Assessment based on these characteristics is becoming the aim of sperm selection. This article gives an overview on several newly developed techniques for sperm selection according to different technical principles, such as electrophoretic separation, zeta potential, HA binding, Annexin V binding, intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) and microfluidic sperm sorter, which have all been applied to IVF or ICSI with the exception of microfluidic sperm sorter. It also introduces the advantages, disadvantages and application effects of these techniques.

Ring 22 chromosome syndrome induced azoospermia: a case report and literature review / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of an azoospermia patient with ring 22 chromosome syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed the clinical data of an azoospermia patient with ring 22 chromosome syndrome and reviewed relevant literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient was a short 29-year-old male, with bilateral testes small in size and soft in texture. Seminal examination indicated azoospermia. Chromosome analysis showed the karyotype of the patient to be 46, XY, r (22) (p11, q25). The level of testosterone was low, and the testicular tissue was brittle and easy to break. Pathological microscopy revealed reduced number of Sertoli cells and germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and thinner layers of cells. All the germ cells were spermatogonia. Neither spermatocytes nor sperm cells were found, which suggested complete spermatogenic failure. Mild interstitial fibrosis was visible in part of the seminiferous tubule walls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with ring 22 chromosome syndrome usually represent normal clinical phenotypes. However, this kind of genetic abnormality often induces severe testicular damage and spermatogenic arrest, which may result in azoospermia.</p>

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for detecting AZF microdeletions on the Y chromosome in infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possibility of applying multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to the detection of azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletion on the Y chromosome in infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA samples were obtained from 147 azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia patients and 154 normal controls. After denatured at 95 degrees C, the samples were hybridized to the specific probes designed for the AZF region. With the ligase, the hybrid products were amplified by a pair of universal primers labeled with FAM fluorescence, and then separated by capillary electrophoresis for data analysis. Meanwhile all the samples were subjected to multiplex-PCR (mPCR) analysis for sequence-tagged sites (STS) in the AZF region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>STS deletion was detected in 22 (15.0%) of the 147 patients but not in the normal controls. By MLPA, 40 (27.2%) of the patients were found with specific probe omission in the AZF region, as compared with 20 cases in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with mPCR, MLPA has a better sensitivity in detecting AZF microdeletions, and it provides more precise genetic information on the AZF regions, which may contribute to in-depth exploration into the etiological mechanism of impaired spermatogenesis.</p>

Screening of tuberculosis specific antibody binding peptides / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the specific antibody binding peptides of tuberculosis from phage-displayed random phage display (Ph.D.)-7 peptide libraries with purified IgG from tuberculosis serum, and to provide the basis for the development of serological detection reagent of tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Purified IgG of tuberculosis serum was used as solid ligand to screen the binding peptide from the Ph.D.-7 peptide library, according to the biopanning process of absorption, elution and amplification. Purified IgG of health people serum was used as the molecule of counter selection during the second and third selection. Phages were enriched after 3 rounds of screening, then 20 single phages separately eluted by IgG of tuberculosis and health people were randomly selected on each direction of the determination plates and amplified. The single chains DNA were extracted as template for sequencing. The combination abilities of selected clones to IgG of tuberculosis and health people were tested by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the positive clone was identified. Serum samples, from 47 patients with tuberculosis and 37 healthy people vaccinated with BCG, were verified by positive phage clones using phage-ELISA. The verifying results of 24 serum samples used for panning were separately analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 rounds of panning, remarkable enrichment of phages that could specifically bind with target molecules were observed. Single phages were randomly selected for sequencing analysis and 12 sequences were obtained. 12 phage clones with different sequences were amplified and detected with indirect ELISA and single phage H12 showed higher affinity with IgG of tuberculosis (S/N ≥ 2.1) and was identified as the positive clone. It was found that, in indirect ELISA with single Phage H12, the A(450) value of tuberculosis patients (0.105 ± 0.010) was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (0.070 ± 0.005), and the t value was 2.912 (P < 0.0001). The A(450) value of 12 serum samples of tuberculosis patients and 12 samples of health individuals used for panning were 0.144 ± 0.016 and 0.052 ± 0.004, and the t value was 5.69 (P < 0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By using phage-displayed random peptide libraries, we obtained the specific antibody binding peptides of tuberculosis, which showed specific binding activity with IgG of tuberculosis. It can provide a basis for the establishment of a new serological detection method of tuberculosis with peptide.</p>

Clinical application of first line anti-tuberculous drug susceptibility test by phage amplified biologically assay / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To evaluate clinical application of phage amplified biologically assay (PhaB) in susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in sputum. Methods The drug susceptibility of MTB was detected by PhaB in 143 patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB),and the chemotherapy regimens were adjusted according to the results of susceptibility test.Independent samples t-tests were used for comparison of means.Count numbers were compared with Chisquare test.If there were count number of 0,Fisher probabilities should be used.ResultsThe total positive rate of PhaB was 94.4％ (135/143) with no differences between three types of PTB (x2 =1.886,P ＞ 0.05 ).The duration of testing for PhaB group was (6.6 ± 1.8) days,while for control was (29.4 ±8.7) days (t =29.01,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with control group,the 2-month negative-conversion rate (63.2％ vs.35.1％,x2 =3.989,P ＜ 0.05 ) and cure rate ( 100％ vs.78.4％,P ＜ 0.05 ) of PhaB group in type Ⅱ patients were significantly higher.But there were no differences between PhaB and control groups in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ PTB patients.ConclusionThe results of PhaB drug susceptibility test can be helpful for choosing effective chemotherapy regimen for PTB patients rapidly.

Study on the correlation between polymorphisms of genes with susceptibility to tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis in Chinese Han population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of polymorphisms of SLC11A1 gene,VDR gene,MBL gene and IFNG gene with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese Han population suffering from drug-sensitive TB and drug-resistant TB so as to identify the correlation between gene polymorphisms and the development of drug-resistant TB.Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of VDR gene,SLC11A1 gene,MBL gene,IFNG gene were typed and analyzed by pyrosequencing,Real-time Probe and SNaPshot among 229 patients with drug-sensitive TB and 230 patients with drug-resistant TB.Results The polymorphic foci of VDR gene from the drug-sensitive TB group and the drug-resistant TB group showed no significant difference (P＞0.05).The genotype of INT4 site and allelic frequency of SLC11A1 gene for drug-sensitive TB group were significantly different from those for drug-resistant TB group(P=0.031,0.046).If recessive inheritance was assumed,the genotypes of INT4 site from the two groups were significantly different (0R=5.756,95% CI:1.261-26.269,P=0.011).Considering the relationship between OR values under various combination,our findings confirmed that the genetic mode of INT4 site was in accordance with recessive inheritance.The genotypes of Q/P site and allelic frequencies of MBL gene from drug-sensitive and drug-resistant groups were significantly different (P=0.029,0.033).The difference still existed under the hypothesis of recessive inheritance (OR=9.290,95% CI:1.167-73.949,P=0.011).The polymorphic foci of IFNG gene from the two groups showed no significant difference.Conclusion INT4 sites on SLC11A1 gene and Q/P site on MBL gene were probably associated with the development of drug-resistant TB in Chinese Han population.Further study on this issue would be helpful in locating the population at high risk of drug-resistant TB and exploring the effective intervention to decrease the incidence of this disease.